Black Fungi on Stone-Built Heritage: Current Knowledge and Future Outlook

Black fungi are considered as one of the main group microorganisms responsible for biodeterioration stone cultural heritage artifacts. In this paper, we provide a critical analysis and review more than 30 years studies on black isolated from stone-built 1990 to date. More 109 papers concerning fungal activity were analysed. The findings check list taxa involved in heritage, with particular reference meristematic fungi, pattern attributed them, methods study including new molecular advances. A focus was discuss current approaches control future perspectives. notoriously hard remove or mitigate, so needed, but it is also important combine classical improve knowledge implement conservation strategies.